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Special Summons There are two different types of Special Summons. The differentiation helps to understand why some Summons can be negated by cards like "Solemn Judgment" and some cannot. The difference is between inherent Special Summons and Special Summons which are done by an effect (also known as non-inherent Special Summons).
Even if this two types of Special Summons are different from each other, both have similarities: The monster is summoned face-up regardless if it is summoned in Attack or Defense Position. Inherent Special Summons An inherent Special Summon occurs if a monster is Special Summoned immediately without going on the chain. Since the inherent Special Summon does not go on chain, you cannot chain to it. You can only react to it.
As inherent Summons do not go onto the chain, this is the difference to non-inherent summons. Non-inherent Summons consist of an effect which summons the monster. Also, inherent Summons are only possible in your own Main Phases and on neutral Game State. Some inherent Summons are combined with Summoning conditions or costs. Examples for inherent Summons: You banish a WATER monster from your graveyard to Special Summon "Aqua Spirit".
You control a "The Six Samurai - Irou" and want to Special Summon "Grandmaster of the Six Samurai".
Your opponent wants to perform the inherent Special Summon of "Dark Armed Dragon". You have a "D.D. Crow" in your hand.
You return "Gladiator Beast Laquari" and 2 other "Gladiator Beasts" from your field to the deck to perform the inherent Special Summon of "Gladiator Beast Heraklinos" from your Extra Deck.
You can react to all these described Special Summons with "Solemn Judgement" to negate the inherent Special Summon. This is also how the card text of "Solemn Judgement" says. If a monster should be Special Summoned inherently but the Special Summon is negated (e.g. "Royal Oppression"), the monster does not count as successful inheren Special Summon. Trying to target such monsters with "Premature Burial" is not possible. To be summoned from the graveyard, monsters that can only be Special Summoned by a certain way need to be special summoned in exactly this way first. Important: Inherent Special Summons can only be performed in your Main Phases on neutral Game State. Non-inherent Special Summons
Non-inherent Special Summons describe the type of summoning where the monster is summoned by an effect that uses the chain. For example, Ritual Summons are non-inherent because they need a Ritual Spell Card to Special Summon the monster.
This way of Summoning can never be negated - only the card or effect that Special Summons the monster can be negated. This is because the monster is summoned in a resolving chain and you cannot place new chain links into a resolving chain. Therefore, "Horn of Heaven" does not work against these kind of Summons. After the chain resolved, it is too late to negate the summon because the monster is already summoned. Examples: You activate "Monster Reborn" targeting "Cyber Dragon".
"Gladiator Beast Heraklinos" has been inherently Special Summoned and has been sent to the graveyard later on. You want to summon him with "Premature Burial".
"Horn of Heaven" is activated to negate the Special Summon of "Demise, King of Armageddon" by "End of the World".
You want to activate "Solemn Judgement" in order to negate the Summon of "Horus the Black Flame Dragon LV8" that is done by the effect of "Horus the Black Flame Dragon LV6".
"Aqua Spirit" is discarded to the graveyard by "Card Destruction". You want to non-inherent Special Summon it with "Premature Burial".
It is also possible to Special Summon a Fusion or Synchro Monster by other ways from your Extra Deck in an non-inherent Special Summon. In this case, the Summon DOES NOT count as correct Special Summon. Therefore, those monsters cannot be non-inherent Special Summoned after they were sent to the graveyard. Examples: You use "Polymerisation" and sent "Possesed Dark Soul" from your hand and "Frontier Wiseman" from your side of the field to correctly Fusion Summon "Dark Balter the Terrible" (as a non-inherent Special Summon).
You use the 2nd effect of "The Light - Hex-Sealed Fusion" and send it and "Cyber Dragon" to the graveyard to perform a non-inherent Special Summon of "Cyber Twin Dragon".
To sum it up, a general mechanic regarding inherent and non-inherent Special Summons is:
Excursion non-inherent Normal Summons: Parallel to inherent and non-inherent Special Summons, inherent and non-inherent Normal Summons exist. Non-inherent Normal Summons are a special form of the Normal Summon. They are performed by cards such as "Ultimate Offering" and "Gemini Summoner". The Game Mechanic to negate those Summons is the same as with Special Summons. Therefore, you CANNOT negate a non-inherent Normal Summon with "Solemn Judgement" as the non-inherent Normal Summon is performed in a resolving chain. Nomi Monsters A Nomi Monster is a monster which can only be summoned by the printed Summoning Condition. The summons of those monster are inherent and they cannot be summoned by other ways then the way on the card text, which means that they never can be Special Summoned by other cards like "Monster Reborn".
Nomi Monsters can be identified by the following card-texts: "This card cannot be Normal Summoned or Set. This card cannot be Special Summoned except by..." Or, after the problem-solving-card-text: "Cannot be Normal Summoned or Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by..." It is NOT possible to non-inherently Special Summon a Nomi Monster, not even after it was summoned correctly before. This is the difference to the Only-/Semi-Nomi-Monsters, because they can be summoned by other ways after they were first summoned by the correct way. The exceptions are cards that ignore the summoning restrictions like "Level Modulation". But it has to be explicitly written on the card that the summoning condition gets ignored. But even then, the monsters need to be summoned correctly first to Special Summon them from the Graveyard. Example:
Examples for Nomi Monsters are:
Flip Summons A Flip Summon occurs if a player switches a monster from face-down Defense Position to face-up Attack Position manually. This type of Summon can only be conducted during your own Main Phase on neutral Game State. It can be negated like all other Summons. If a Flip Summon is negated, the monster is considered to have never been on the field. Example: "Sangan" is face-down on the field. During your Main Phase, you Flip Summon it and your opponent uses "Solemn Judgment" to negate the Flip Summon.
"Chaos Sorcerer" is Special Summoned successfully. Your opponent uses "Book of Moon" to flip him into face-down Defense Position. Next turn you want to Flip Summon it, but your opponent uses "Solemn Judgment" to negate the Summon.
Gemini Summon A Gemini-monster has to be Normal Summoned twice to get its effect. In this second Normal Summon, the monster is still on the field. This second Summon spends the Normal Summon of this turn, so you cannot Normal Summon a Gemini-monster a second time the turn it was Normal Summoned
If a Gemini-monster is Normal Summoned again, it gains the effect which is written on the card. The second Normal Summon of a Gemini-monster can be negated by cards like "Solemn Judgment" or "Solemn Warning". Also, you can react on it with cards like "Bottomless Trap Hole" and "Torrential Tribute", even if the monster is already on the field. If a Gemini-monster got any Equip-cards, they remain attached to it. If a Gemini-monster gets Normal Summoned the second time, if "Skill Drain" is face-up on the field, you can not use its effect until "Skill Drain" is gone. Also, if the Gemini Monster is resettet after it was Normal Summoned a second time, it will lose his effect and be a Normal Monster again. As a Gemini Summon uses your Normal Summon, you cannot Gemini Summon the turn you Normal Summoned the Gemini Monster. Ritual Summon Ritual Summons have some identical characteristics as Fusion Summons. Every "Ritual Summon" starts a chain, which means the Summon cannot be negated because the monster is summoned in a resolving chain. Therefore, you have to negate the Ritual Spell Card.
The monsters used for a Ritual Summon are tributed. That means you cannot conduct a Ritual Summon if "Mask of Restrict" is face-up on the field. Also, Ritual Spell Cards never have costs. You sent the cards to the graveyard in the resolve. Some special cards like "Djinn Releaser of Rituals" are not tributed when they are used from the graveyard, they will be banished when the ritual spell card resolves. Therefore, such Ritual Monster Substitutes work even if "Mask of Restrict" is active. Example: Player A has a "Black Illusion Ritual" in his hand to Ritual Summon "Relinquished", a "Sangan" on his side of the field and a "Djinn Releaser of Rituals" in his graveyard. Player B chains "Mask of Restrict" to the activation of "Black Illusion Ritual".
Fusion Summons A Fusion Summon can only be conducted if a card effect allows it, for example the cards "Polymerisation" and "Future Fusion" allow a player to Fusion Summon. Therefore, a Fusion Summon is usually non-inherent, as the cards performing the fusion summon start a chain.
The fusion materials are sent to the graveyard, they are not tributed. Furthermore, sending the materials to the grave is not a cost. Last thing to say is that a fusion monster is picked at the resolve, so cards that Fusion Summon do not target. Contact Fusions There is a special form of Fusion Summons, the Contact Fusion.
A contact fusion can be identified by the following text: "You can only Special Summon this card from your Extra Deck by sending the above cards from either side of the field to the Graveyard. (You do not use "Polymerization".)" A Contact Fusion is performed in the following way: First, you announce which fusion monster will be summoned. Then the monsters are sent to the graveyard (e.g. "Chimeratech Fortress Dragon") or into the deck ("Gladiator Beast" fusions). Face-down monsters can be used, but must be revealed to the opponent to verify that the monsters are correct. The returning/sending of the monsters can be compared with costs, it happens immediately. A big difference to the regular Fusion Summon is that the Contact Fusion is an inherent Special Summon. Still, the monsters used for the Special Summon are called "fusion material monsters". As it is an inherent summon, you can negate it when the monster is played from the extra deck to the field. If you negate the Summon, the monster is send to the graveyard, but since it was never successfully summoned it is not send from the field to the graveyard. Some contact fusions are the Gladiator Beast-Fusions, XYZ-Fusions, Neos-Fusions and "Chimeratech Fortress Dragon". Synchro Summons Synchro monsters are summoned from the Extra Deck like Fusion Monsters. To perform a Synchro Summon, a Synchro Monster is picked from the Extra Deck. After that, the stars of this monster are checked. The important thing is, that the synchro material monsters have the same combined number of stars as the synchro monsters has.
Normally, one face-up Tuner-monster and one or more face-up non-tuner monsters are send from the field to the graveyard. Important: Some of the synchro or synchro material monsters have special conditions which might contradict the basic rules of Synchro Summoning. The Synchro Material Monsters are not tributed, they are sent to the graveyard immediately. Furthermore, a Synchro Summon can be conducted if the synchro materials would not even reach the graveyard, such as if "Dimensional Fissure" is active on the field. A Synchro Summon is an inherent Special Summon. Additionally, Synchro Monsters have to be summoned successfully before they can be summoned by other ways. If a Synchro Summon is negated, the synchro materials are not returned to the field, because the sending to the graveyard is comparable with costs. Besides, if a synchro material has special effects which activate if they are used for Synchro Summon (e.g. "Tuning Ware" or "Doppelwarrior"), they do not activate if the Synchro Summon is negated. Xyz-Summons
The latest Summoning Mechanic is the Xyz Summon. XYZ Summons count as inherent summons. Furthermore, Xyz Monsters are Only-monsters, so you can only Special Summon them by other than the "normal way" if they were successfully summoned inherently before.
To conduct a Xyz Summon, face-up monsters with the same level are overlayed. After that, the Xyz Monster with a rank equal to the level of the monster is layd over them. So, if you overlay two level 4 monsters, you gain one rank 4 Xyz-monster. The monsters used for the summon remain under the XYZ monster. The monsters are detached when you have to detach them as a cost or when the Xyz Monster leaves the field. The monsters are not removed if "Dimensional Fissure" is on the field, since Xyz Material Monsters do not count as monsters. A Xyz-material can be almost compared to an Equip Card. So the monsters are not counted as monsters, they are not your monster zone. Also, a monster detached is not counted as sent from the field. Therefore, effects, which will activate when a monster is sent from the field to the graveyard would not apply. You cannot use Tokens for a Xyz-summon, but it is possible to use certain Trap Cards (e.g. "Zoma the Spirit"). Examples for Xyz-Summons:
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